by the time + CLAUSE
C1 The present simple with ‘by the time’ to refer to the future.
English Grammar Profile
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time
THIS (pronoun)
This is one of the most important documents in history. listen Demonstrating Proximity: The word “this” is commonly used to indicate objects or ideas that are physically close to the speaker or writer. In sentence above, it refers to a specific document that is being discussed. Essentially, it points to something nearby or within immediate reach. Profiling Research Here are a few
all | both | a few + PLURAL NOUN
‘All’ and ‘both’ are predeterminers, meaning they come before other determiners. For example: “All the things”, “both our children” In the English Grammar Profile, A2 point 22 in DETERMINERS is defined as: increasing range of quantifying determiners with plural nouns ‘all’, ‘both’, ‘a few’ In the English Vocabulary Profile: a few = A2 some, or
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Past simple + time adjuncts
In the English Grammar Profile, B2 point 62 in category of PAST is defined as: a range of time adjuncts with the past simple. This is quite ambiguous as to what constitutes this in the EGP exactly. The examples all include a past simple verb and a time word but often with lots of words
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BEFORE
“Before” is a versatile word in English, functioning as a preposition, subordinating conjunction, and time adverb. As a preposition, it connects a noun or pronoun to another word, indicating something happens earlier than the time or event mentioned. As a subordinating conjunction, it connects two clauses, showing a relationship between them. As a time adverb, it modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb to indicate when something happens. Examples from various corpora illustrate these uses.
OVER
We use claws7 tagging software to analyze the part of speech of ‘over’. Claws7 is used in iWeb corpus so it is easy to also look for examples. I go_VV0 over_RP the_AT bridge_NN1 ._. (if lexical verb before then ‘over’ is a particle, regardless if followed by a noun or prepositional phrase) I go_VV0 over_RP
ONCE phrases
Words like ‘once’ and ‘twice’ can be predeterminers as multipliers. For example: “Once every two weeks” “Twice a day” A search in the iWeb corpus for: once _AT1 _NNT 1 ONCE A WEEK 75774 We are proposing to meet at least once a week and just to do as many collections as we can. listen 2 ONCE A MONTH 44242 3 ONCE A YEAR 43510 4 ONCE A DAY
MINUTE
See, this is really weird, but I had this feeling the minute that the phone rang, I said, Jackie, pick it up, you‘ve got a grandchild. listen Minute is usually a noun, but in the above usage ‘the minute + that CLAUSE‘ it means as soon as. Similary, in the next example, ‘any minute‘ means ‘very soon‘: Colin could you possibly find somewhere else to pray, your brother and sister will be here any minute now. listen 1 MINUTE (NNT1) 645067 (A1 noun) = 60 seconds.
on the point of VERBing
The English Vocabulary Profile entry: be at/on the point of doing sth = B2 to be going to do something very soon The English Grammar Profile B2 Point 57 in the category of FUTURE in the past is defined as: ‘simple past form of ‘be’ + ‘on the point of’ + ‘-ing’ to talk about
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wide range of ‘time’ adverbs
Here are examples of using time adverbs: I was instantly attracted to her. listen You have been replaced permanently. listen My organization just recently traced a large purchase by this man. listen In the English Grammar Profile, B2 point 54 in the category of adverbs is defined as those that modify to refer to the timing of an event. (This is one of those points that is well found in the
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attributive only time adjectives
Some time adjectives to learn before a noun for intermediate students.
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