II - English Grammar Profiler

if + necessary | any | anything | in doubt (subject and verb ellipsis)

B2, CLAUSES, conditional, ellipsis, GSE / action, adjust, any, anything, charges, court, doubt, fees, force, if, II, in, JJ, necessary, NN, possible, removed, replace, replaced, successful, taxes, treated, treatment, value

Here are EXPERT EXAMPLES of subject and verb ellipsis after ‘if’: When you speak your character’s words, you can hear whether they sound natural, and fix them if necessary. TED *If necessary = if it is necessary. Unlike the billions of people who have few options, if any, due to war, poverty or illness, you have plentiful opportunities to live decisively. TED *if any = if there are any. Planet Radio If in doubt, don’t drive. *if in doubt = in you are in doubt. GSE 66 B2 omit …

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negative adverbials + inversion

ADVERBS, B2, CLAUSES, cleft, fronting, GSE, inversion, NEGATIVE / account, circumstance, circumstances, event, II, NN, no, VVI

Let’s analyse two EXPERT EXAMPLES to understand inversion with negative adverbials. Under no circumstances should doodling be eradicated from a classroom or a boardroom or even the war room. TED In no way am I saying that preference doesn’t exist. TED ‘Under no circumstances‘ and ‘In no way‘ are examples of complex negative adverbial phrases that will modify the following verb phrases: ‘should be eradicated’ or ‘am saying’. Inversion is just switching the subject and …

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Having been + PAST PARTICIPLE

background, C2, CLAUSES, complements, explanation, non-finite, PASSIVES, perfect, PREPOSITIONS, subordinate / appointed, been, convicted, diagnosed, having, II, infected, instructed, nominated, notified, ranked, reared, subjected, tortured, VVN

In the English Grammar Profile, there are two similar C2 points in the category of passives: Point 38: non-finite ‘-ing’ perfect forms of the passive as the complement of prepositions. Point 40: passive non-finite ‘-ing’ perfect forms in subordinate clauses to give explanatory background information. EXAMPLE: I feel like the luckiest person in the world, having been born at the intersection of great needs and great injustices and great opportunities to change them. TED An iWeb search for: …

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present simple (future)

A2, FUTURE, plan, PRESENT, simple, time / begins, ends, finishes, II, is, NPD, on, PELIC, starts, _AT

Here are some examples of how the present simple tense is used in planning a future event that is also on a regular schedule or timetable.

Tell me about our date.
Well, how about dinner and this movie that BEGINS at 7 pm.
Tonight? I thought it IS on Saturday.

BE like

B1, CLAUSES, comparatives / II, like, NN, P, VB

Point 19 in CLAUSES/comparatives is defined: ‘be’ + ‘like’ + noun or pronoun FOR EXAMPLE: How many people are like you? Are like me? A search in iWeb for: _VB like_II _P 1 ARE LIKE ME 7752 2 ‘RE LIKE ME 7377 3 ‘S LIKE YOU 4506 4 BE LIKE HIM 2401 5 BE LIKE YOU 2118 6 BE LIKE ME …

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superlative + noun+ IN

A2, ADJECTIVES, phrases, PREPOSITIONS, singular, superlative / baseball, building, coach, college, companies, fashion, highest, II, in, JJT, largest, latest, mind, mountain, NN, north, office, program, record, richest, seat, seats, south, story, team, teams, views, worst

Point 11 in the category of ADJECTIVES: prepositional phrases with ‘in’ + singular name of a place after a superlative adjective. PELIC STUDENT EXAMPLE: I am not shy with girls, I always tell my brother don’t be shy with them, they are the best creatures in the world. Arabic male level 2 writing class. A search in iWeb for: _JJT _NN in _N 1 BEST THINGS IN LIFE 1698 2 BEST …

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look forward to

A2, phrasal, PREPOSITIONS, VERBS / ABLE, actually, already, assisting, building, challenge, closely, continuing, fans, forward, future, II, look, most, NN, opportunity, out, PELIC, receiving, response, rest, returning, serving, so, to, trying, VVG, welcoming

Point 13 in the category of VERBS/phrasal-prepositional is defined as: ‘look forward to’ as a fixed expression followed by an ‘-ing’ form or noun phrase, usually at the end of correspondence. PELIC STUDENT EXAMPLE: I am looking forward to getting your letter. Japanese female, level 3 writing class. A search in iWeb for: LOOK forward to * * 1 LOOK …

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each other

B1, complements, PREPOSITIONS, PRONOUNS, reciprocal, VERBS / ABLE, against, along, attracted, away, common, communicate, compete, competition, connect, connected, contact, distance, each, far, feelings, front, II, independent, look out, mirror, off, other, relation, respect, share, similar, so, TLC, top, touch, VV, war

Point 60 in the category of PRONOUNS/reciprocal is defined as: ‘each other’ as the object of a verb or complement of a preposition to talk about the mutual behaviour of two or more people. An iWeb search for: * * * each other 1 ON TOP OF EACH OTHER 13130 (note that many of these …

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SAY to SOMEONE that

B1, CLAUSES, pattern, phrases, PREPOSITIONS, REPORTED SPEECH, VERBS / anyone, everyone, god, herself, himself, II, myself, ourselves, said, say, saying, says, someone, that, themselves, to, yourself

Point 36 in the category of VERBs is defined as: verb pattern / reporting verb with prepositional phrase + that clause as the direct object A search in iWeb for: SAY to_II * that 1 SAID TO ME THAT 2340 2 SAY TO YOU THAT 1483 3 SAYS TO ME THAT 794 4 SAY TO …

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LINKING VERB + like | similar to

B1, CLAUSES, comparatives, linking, VERBS / could, following, idea, II, like, look, might, mine, mix, PELIC, real, similar, smell, sound, taste, to

Point 55 in the category of CLAUSES/comparatives is defined as: linking verbs + ‘like’ or ‘similar to’. A search in iWeb for: look* like * * * 1 LOOKS LIKE THIS : 14720 2 LOOK LIKE THIS : 13872 3 LOOKS LIKE IT WILL BE 2487 4 LOOKS LIKE IT COULD BE 2423 5 …

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preposition (wide range)

B1, PREPOSITIONS, range / above, according, along, because, beside, but, despite, II, off, onto, regarding, through, towards, underneath, via, within

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near

PREPOSITIONS / II, JJ, near, RL, RR, VVI

What part of speech is the word ‘near’? 1 NEAR (II) 1173513 4 NEAR (RL) 87096 12 NEAR (VVI) 18064 17 NEAR (JJ) 8170 21 NEAR (RR) 5765

PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERB (STRANDED PREPOSITION)

C1, complements, particle, phrasal, PREPOSITIONS, stranding, VERBS / II, RP, VV

Point 60 in VERBS is defined as: verb + particle + preposition, where the preposition is separated from its complement. Prepositions An iWeb search for: _VV _RP _I . 1 COME UP WITH. 10825 1 previously.tv They prepared dishes that even 5-year-olds couldn’t come up with . 2 welltrainedmind.com My boys love picking out …

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superlative + prepositional phrase

ADJECTIVES, B1, NOUNS, phrases, PREPOSITIONS / challenging, common, efficient, II, JJ, likely, method, PELIC, recent, rgt, _AT

Point 37 in the category of ADJECTIVES is defined as: an increasing range of complex noun phrases with a superlative adjective + prepositional phrase, to talk about something unique. A search on iWeb for: _AT _RGT _JJ _N _I 1 THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF 16690 2 THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF 11789 PELIC …

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(too) adjective + prepositional phrase

A2, ADJECTIVES, modify, phrases, PREPOSITIONS, range / accident, around, available, blood, call, corner, dead, download, fact, fit, free, front, full, further, heavy, high, idea, II, JJ, largest, low, luck, market, middle, N, open, pleased, public, rich, sale, size, strong, the, to, too, true, variety, way, web, yourself

There is overlap between these two A2 English Grammar Profile points: Point 6 in the category of ADJECTIVES/modifying is defined: ‘too’ + adjective + prepositional phrase Point 28 in the category of ADJECTIVES/modifying is defined as: adjective phrases with a very limited range of adjectives + a prepositional phrase. The EGP examples for range are: …

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ALONG

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS / II, II21, RP, RR

‘Along’ is a preposition or an adverb. 1 ALONG (II21) 1742449 2 ALONG (II) 812587 4 ALONG (RP) 476307 6 ALONG (RR) 11996

indefinite pronoun (object or compliment)

A2, complements, object, PREPOSITIONS, PRONOUNS / across, against, alone, among, around, believe, bring, by, call, calling, everybody, everyone, hope, hoping, hurt, II, including, keep, keeping, kill, let, mean, means, off, over, plus, PN1, somebody, someone, suit, thank, through, V, wish, without

Point 33 in PRONOUNS is defined as: an increasing range of indefinite pronouns as objects or complements of prepositions. In the EGP examples we have: An iWeb search for _V someone|everyone|somebody|everybody 1 FIND SOMEONE 45253 2 KNOW SOMEONE 30854 3 SEE SOMEONE 25775 4 NEED SOMEONE 22836 5 GET SOMEONE 19451 6 THINK EVERYONE 16489 …

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degree adverb modifying preposition

ADVERBS, B1, degree, modify, PREPOSITIONS / II, RR

Point 9 in PREPOSITIONS is defined as: adverbs of degree to modify prepositions and prepositional phrases. (have to check each match that it’s actually modifying the preposition and not something else) A check on google for Adverbs of degree: Common adverbs of degree: Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely. extremely, especially, …

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ADVERBS + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

ADVERBS, C1, phrases / II, PELIC, RR

Point 65 in the category of ADVERBS/phrases is defined as: post-modify adverbs with a complex prepositional phrase complement, to highlight information. A search in iWeb for: . _RR _I * * *note that most of these are not highlighting information. 1 . ONCE UPON A TIME 3253 2 . ONCE IN A WHILE 2838 3 …

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HERS (object)

B2, object, possessive, PRONOUNS, singular / hers, II, PELIC, PPGE

Point 96 in PRONOUNS is defined as: possessive pronoun ‘hers’, with singular reference, in object positions, and complement positions after ‘be’ and after prepositions. In iWeb: * * _vb hers 1 THE CHOICE IS HERS 28 BabyGaga What To Do If Someone Announced Your Pregnancy Before You Were Ready The choice is hers to …

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