Look, we have fourteen minutes
before that clip is sent to the police.
The phrase “is sent” is in the passive voice and refers to the future. The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action, not who or what is performing the action. Here, the important thing is that the clip will be sent to the police, not who sends it. The person or system that will send it is not specified. Here is a past tense example:
your daughter was brought to my asylum.
A ditransitive verb is a verb that takes two objects. In this case, “brought” has two objects:
- The direct object: “your daughter”, who is the person that was brought.
- The indirect object: “my asylum”, which is the place to where she was brought.
So, the action (verb) is “brought”, the thing being acted upon (direct object) is “your daughter”, and the recipient of that action (indirect object) is “my asylum”. This makes “brought” a ditransitive verb in this context. Who or what brought her is not specified in this example.
“This post is brought to you by English Grammar Pro.” The previous sentence is an example of B2 level grammar. If that interests you, then read on.
There are a few points in the category of PASSIVES and verbs taking two objects that overlap and clash for which CEFR level they indicate. Before trying to understand them it might also be a good idea to understand the ideas of direct and indirect objects. There’s a really well-explained page of information here.
But in a nutshell, most of the time, the direct object is not a person while the indirect object is a person and comes first in the sentence.
Point 26 at B2 is defined as:
with a range of tenses and verbs needing two objects (e.g. give, offer, sell) with the direct object in subject position and the indirect object in a prepositional phrase.
My name was
_VB
given_VVN
to_II
me_P
training is_VB
given_VVN
to_TOstaff_VVI
The job has_VH
been_VB
offered_VVN
to_II
me_P
(note claws7 error, the tagger can’t tell the difference.)
The above point is easy to give a complexity level due to the length of the string. However the rest of the passive points overlap at A2, B1 and B2, so are less reliable to find automatically with the complexity checker or on corpora. For example, see A2 past simple passive here.
Point 19 at B2 is defined as:
a wide range of verbs needing two objects, putting the indirect object in the subject position.
(same as B1 only difference is ‘offered’ and can use any tense!)
There is no mention which tense must be included. And surprisingly, the EGP examples seem to suggest that a verb such as ‘give’ is an indicator of ‘wide’ range. The examples contain: present perfect/past simple + offered/given
If we convert the previous examples:
I was given my name. Staff have been offered training.
Point 6 at B1 is defined:
past simple passive with a limited range of verbs needing two objects, putting the indirect object in the subject position.
was/were + given
Finally, there is Pearson’s GSE56 B1+ defined:
make passive statements with ditransitive verbs like ‘tell’ and ‘give’.
dative as subject of passive
CORPUS RESEARCH
The main way we can ensure more useful information about these structures is by doing the following quite specific search on iWeb:
_n _vb _vvn to _p
1 POST IS BROUGHT TO YOU 1299
(B2 point 26, the noun ‘post’ is the direct object in the subject position and ‘you’ is the indirect object in the prepositional phrase.)
2 ART IS BROUGHT TO YOU 405
3 POST WAS BROUGHT TO YOU 399
4 EPISODE IS BROUGHT TO YOU 399
5 ARTICLE IS BROUGHT TO YOU 267
6 EMAIL IS SENT TO YOU 147
7 SERVICE IS PROVIDED TO YOU 138
8 CONTENT IS BROUGHT TO YOU 137
9 PODCAST IS BROUGHT TO YOU 136
10 PRODUCT IS DISPATCHED TO YOU 127
11 ARTICLE WAS BROUGHT TO YOU 126
12 ITEM IS RETURNED TO US 126
13 INFORMATION IS PROVIDED TO YOU 121
14 SITE IS PROVIDED TO YOU 116
15 EVENT IS BROUGHT TO YOU 113
16 FORCE IS APPLIED TO IT 109
17 PACKAGE IS RETURNED TO US 108
18 PRODUCT WAS RECOMMENDED TO ME 105
19 RECIPE IS BROUGHT TO YOU 86
20 CHILDREN WERE BORN TO THEM 84
21 GOODS ARE RETURNED TO US 83
22 STORY WAS TOLD TO ME 81
23 APPLICATION BE MAILED TO YOU 81
24 EMAIL WAS SENT TO YOU 80
25 ORDER IS RETURNED TO US 79
26 WEBSITE IS PROVIDED TO YOU 78
27 RECIPE WAS GIVEN TO ME 78
28 PRESSURE IS APPLIED TO IT 73
29 PEOPLE ARE DRAWN TO IT 69
30 PEACE BE MULTIPLIED TO YOU 69 = old biblical type of English
31 SERIES IS BROUGHT TO YOU 68
32 HOUSE IS LEFT TO YOU 67
33 SERVICES ARE PROVIDED TO YOU 67
34 PROGRAM IS BROUGHT TO YOU 64
35 SHOW IS BROUGHT TO YOU 61
36 INFORMATION IS BROUGHT TO YOU 61
37 MOLECULES ARE ATTRACTED TO EACH 60
38 COPY BE MAILED TO YOU 59
39 INFORMATION IS PROVIDED TO US 59
40 ITEMS ARE RETURNED TO US 58
41 ENTRIES ARE LIMITED TO ONE 55
42 BOOK WAS RECOMMENDED TO ME 54
43 PRODUCT WAS PROVIDED TO ME 54
44 LINKS ARE PROVIDED TO YOU 54
45 MESSAGE IS SENT TO YOU 52
* note iWeb does not allow adding more into the string to get longer ones.
Other ways of research are not so reliable:
First, we could consider which other passive verbs that we generally know might have two objects:
Brought, bought, cost, got, left, lend, made, owed, passed, paid, played, promised, read, refused, sent, shown, sung, taken, taught, told, wished, written.
The reason for the intuition is, sadly, the iWeb, COCA and NOW corpora don’t accept a search for wider codes such as * * _vb _vvn * *
. We also found that searching for the narrower general passive code: * _vb _vvn *
produced no examples of ‘offered’ in the top 1000 ngrams which means some of these are very rare!
‘Given’ appeared many times:
50 WILL BE GIVEN TO 22394
99 WILL BE GIVEN A 15316
168 WILL BE GIVEN THE 10928 (there were many more)
896 TO BE BROUGHT TO 4206
915 WILL BE BROUGHT TO 4111
They gave me a bag
That is active (not passive)