passive + TO infinitve (belief or opinion)

Point 73 GSE B2+ is defined:

express impersonal belief and opinion using ‘thought/considered/believed/etc.’ +’ to’ + VP infSTUDENT

STUDENT EXAMPLES:

Moreover, English is considered to be an international language.

PELIC Thai male level 5 writing class.

 

In addition, he is believed to be the first teacher,

because the first education system in ancient China was established by Confucius.

PELIC Chinese male level 5 grammar class.

EXPERT EXAMPLE:

After all, the first intentional human burial is thought to have occurred around 100,000 years ago.

TED


*Although not listed, both examples from Pearson follow on with superlative phrases + prepositional phrases.

A search in iWeb for:

thought|considered|believed TO _VVI

1 IS BELIEVED TO HELP 713
2 IS THOUGHT TO HELP 692
3 IS THOUGHT TO PLAY 437
4 IS THOUGHT TO OCCUR 406
5 ARE THOUGHT TO PLAY 372
6 IS THOUGHT TO AFFECT 367
7 IS THOUGHT TO INCREASE 349
8 ARE THOUGHT TO HELP 328
9 IS BELIEVED TO PLAY 299
10 IS BELIEVED TO BRING 292
11 IS THOUGHT TO WORK 280
12 IS THOUGHT TO RESULT 278
13 IS BELIEVED TO CONTAIN 276
14 ARE BELIEVED TO HELP 270
15 IS BELIEVED TO INCREASE 263
16 IS THOUGHT TO CONTRIBUTE 258
17 IS THOUGHT TO CAUSE 254
18 IS BELIEVED TO CAUSE 250
19 IS BELIEVED TO WORK 245
20 IS THOUGHT TO REDUCE 232
21 IS BELIEVED TO OCCUR 230
22 ARE THOUGHT TO CONTRIBUTE 228
23 ARE BELIEVED TO PLAY 216
24 IS THOUGHT TO REPRESENT 215
25 IS BELIEVED TO COME 210
26 ARE THOUGHT TO CAUSE 209
27 IS THOUGHT TO COME 204
28 IS THOUGHT TO BRING 200
29 BE CONSIDERED TO ENSURE 198
30 ARE THOUGHT TO REPRESENT 195
31 IS BELIEVED TO REDUCE 193
32 IS THOUGHT TO IMPROVE 183
33 IS THOUGHT TO CONTAIN 182
34 BE CONSIDERED TO DETERMINE 177
35 IS BELIEVED TO HOLD 166
36 IS BELIEVED TO RESULT 158
37 IS THOUGHT TO PROMOTE 158
38 IS BELIEVED TO PROMOTE 157
39 ARE BELIEVED TO CAUSE 155
40 IS BELIEVED TO AFFECT 152
41 IS THOUGHT TO ACT 150
42 IS BELIEVED TO REPRESENT 148
43 ARE THOUGHT TO INCREASE 144
44 ARE THOUGHT TO OCCUR 142
45 IS BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE 142
46 IS THOUGHT TO DERIVE 139
47 IS BELIEVED TO IMPROVE 137
48 ARE THOUGHT TO WORK 136
49 IS BELIEVED TO ACT 136
50 IS THOUGHT TO PROVIDE 136
51 ARE BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE 133
52 ARE THOUGHT TO RESULT 133
53 IS BELIEVED TO STIMULATE 131
54 IS THOUGHT TO INVOLVE 130
55 ARE BELIEVED TO EXIST 127
56 IS THOUGHT TO STIMULATE 126
57 ARE THOUGHT TO LIVE 124
58 IS BELIEVED TO MAKE 124
59 ARE BELIEVED TO BRING 122
60 ARE BELIEVED TO CONTAIN 121
61 IS THOUGHT TO PROTECT 121
62 ARE THOUGHT TO EXIST 119
63 ARE THOUGHT TO REDUCE 119
64 IS THOUGHT TO ORIGINATE 119
65 IS BELIEVED TO POSSESS 118
66 IS THOUGHT TO LEAD 118
67 ARE BELIEVED TO REPRESENT 117
68 IS BELIEVED TO PROTECT 117
69 IS CONSIDERED TO REPRESENT 117
70 ARE THOUGHT TO CONTAIN 113
71 ARE THOUGHT TO BRING 111
72 ARE THOUGHT TO FORM 111
73 ARE THOUGHT TO PROVIDE 111
74 IS BELIEVED TO ORIGINATE 111
75 IS BELIEVED TO PROVIDE 111
76 ARE BELIEVED TO LIVE 110
77 ARE BELIEVED TO INCREASE 109
78 ARE THOUGHT TO INCLUDE 109
79 IS THOUGHT TO MAKE 106
80 BE CONSIDERED TO REDUCE 105
81 BE CONSIDERED TO HELP 104
82 IS BELIEVED TO ENHANCE 104
83 BE CONSIDERED TO MEET 102
84 ARE BELIEVED TO INCLUDE 101
85 IS THOUGHT TO PRODUCE 101
86 ARE THOUGHT TO PROTECT 99
87 IS THOUGHT TO ARISE 99
88 BE CONSIDERED TO PROVIDE 98
89 ARE THOUGHT TO ARISE 97
90 IS BELIEVED TO EXIST 97
91 IS THOUGHT TO ENHANCE 93
92 IS THOUGHT TO REFLECT 93
93 ARE THOUGHT TO AFFECT 92
94 IS THOUGHT TO PREVENT 91
95 BE CONSIDERED TO MAKE 89
96 ARE THOUGHT TO MAKE 87
97 ARE BELIEVED TO REDUCE 85
98 ARE THOUGHT TO ACT 85
99 ARE THOUGHT TO COME 83
100 ARE BELIEVED TO OCCUR 82

 

The top 100 iWeb results do not show any sense of ‘belief or opinion’.  Most are the infinitive of purpose:

_VB _VVN to _VVI

1 IS DESIGNED TO HELP 26476
2 IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE 23701
3 BE USED TO CREATE 18000
4 BE USED TO MAKE 17164
5 BE USED TO HELP 15426
6 IS EXPECTED TO GROW 12568
7 BE REQUIRED TO PAY 12039
8 ARE DESIGNED TO HELP 12023
9 BE USED TO DETERMINE 11430
10 ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE 11132
11 IS DESIGNED TO GIVE 10279
12 BE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE 9633
13 BE USED TO TREAT 8490
14 IS USED TO TREAT 8354
15 BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE 8257
16 BE ASKED TO PROVIDE 8175
17 IS USED TO MAKE 8145
18 ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE 8073
19 IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE 7674
20 BE USED TO IDENTIFY 7644
21 IS USED TO DETERMINE 7428
22 BE USED TO PROVIDE 7341
23 ARE REQUIRED TO TAKE 7181
24 IS DESIGNED TO WORK 6943
25 IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE 6909
26 ARE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE 6879
27 IS EXPECTED TO TAKE 6837
28 ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE 6819
29 ARE ENCOURAGED TO APPLY 6689
30 IS DESIGNED TO PREPARE 6629
31 IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE 6591
32 IS DESIGNED TO MAKE 6567
33 IS USED TO CREATE 6507
34 ARE INVITED TO ATTEND 6318
35 ARE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT 6258
36 IS USED TO DESCRIBE 6161
37 BE REQUIRED TO TAKE 5943
38 BE USED TO SUPPORT 5909
39 BE USED TO PAY 5888
40 ARE REQUIRED TO PAY 5785
41 IS EXPECTED TO REACH 5710
42 IS DESIGNED TO MEET 5687
43 BE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT 5384
44 IS EXPECTED TO CLOSE 5351
45 BEEN SHOWN TO REDUCE 5339
46 IS ASKED TO CALL 5224
47 IS DESIGNED TO ALLOW 5149
48 ARE USED TO MAKE 5030
49 IS INTENDED TO HELP 5009
50 IS ASKED TO CONTACT 4972
51 BE USED TO IMPROVE 4856
52 IS SCHEDULED TO BEGIN 4805
53 IS EXPECTED TO BEGIN 4772
54 IS DESIGNED TO FIT 4696
55 BEEN SHOWN TO INCREASE 4614
56 BE USED TO CONTROL 4590
57 IS DESIGNED TO SUPPORT 4496
58 BE USED TO BUILD 4464
59 ARE REQUIRED TO ATTEND 4392
60 IS EXPECTED TO MAKE 4389
61 IS PROJECTED TO GROW 4338
62 ARE DESIGNED TO WORK 4328
63 ARE EXPECTED TO ATTEND 4313
64 BE USED TO PURCHASE 4227
65 ARE INVITED TO JOIN 4203
66 IS USED TO HELP 4168
67 ARE ENCOURAGED TO CONTACT 4092
68 BE USED TO GET 4037
69 BE TAKEN TO ENSURE 4033
70 IS SET TO TAKE 4027
71 ARE USED TO CREATE 3990
72 BE USED TO GENERATE 3956
73 BEEN SHOWN TO HELP 3955
74 ARE DESIGNED TO GIVE 3929
75 ARE DESIGNED TO MAKE 3880
76 IS DESIGNED TO ASSIST 3873
77 ARE ENCOURAGED TO TAKE 3866
78 IS SET TO BEGIN 3858
79 BE USED TO REDUCE 3828
80 ARE USED TO TREAT 3804
81 IS REQUIRED TO MAKE 3788
82 ARE DESIGNED TO FIT 3765
83 ARE ENCOURAGED TO USE 3759
84 BE USED TO ADD 3751
85 IS DESIGNED TO PROTECT 3729
86 IS RECOMMENDED TO USE 3710
87 ARE ENCOURAGED TO ATTEND 3705
88 BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE 3702
89 IS EXPECTED TO RISE 3681
90 BE PROMPTED TO ENTER 3673
91 ARE REQUIRED TO MAKE 3633
92 BE USED TO DESCRIBE 3623
93 ARE DESIGNED TO MEET 3621
94 IS BUILT TO LAST 3620
95 BE PREPARED TO PAY 3619
96 IS SET TO OPEN 3608
97 IS USED TO IDENTIFY 3571
98 BE REQUIRED TO WORK 3563
99 WAS ORDERED TO PAY 3556
100 BE REQUIRED TO MAKE 3554


B2 vocabulary:

affect, cause, contribute, ensure, occur, reflect, represent, stimulate