The featured image above shows the multiple proficiency levels that this modal verb is associated with the English Grammar Profile.
The very formal nature of this modal verb can be easily seen with a search for collates 5 sides left and right of “shall” in the NOW corpus:
1 BE (VBI ) 211652
2 LAW (NN1 ) 24027
3 CONGRESS (NN1 ) 18618
4 AMENDMENT (NN1 ) 18158
5 RESPECTING (II ) 17807
6 NOR (CC ) 10271
7 REASONABLE (JJ ) 9480
8 CONSTITUTE (VVI ) 8903
9 DISCRETION (NN1 ) 8664
10 TOLERATED (VVN ) 8604
