Which discourse markers can upper-intermediate students use?

B2 students have proven in the English Grammar Profile that they can introduce a comparison, summarise phrases and organise an opening or a closing.

Here are some examples of introducing a comparison:

When you ride a bike, I don’t really know what, like, my left calf muscle is doing, or how my latissimus dorsi knows to engage when I wobble to the right. The body just learns. And similarly, Pavlov’s dogs probably don’t know a lot about, like, protein structures or the waveform of a ringing bell, but they salivate nonetheless because the body paired the stimuli.