COULD HAVE + past participle

B2, C1, disapproval, MODALITY, PAST, possibility, regret, speculate

In the English Grammar Profile, C1 point 179 in MODALITY is defined as:  ‘could have’ + ‘-ed’ form to express disapproval or criticism. True insights into usage are problematic, to say the least.  Who knows what the person using language truly was intending to do with it?  Disapproval or criticism vs speculation or regret is […]

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