subordinate – Page 2 – English Grammar Profiler

BEFORE

A2, ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS, PAST, PREPOSITIONS, subordinate, time

“Before” is a versatile word in English, functioning as a preposition, subordinating conjunction, and time adverb. As a preposition, it connects a noun or pronoun to another word, indicating something happens earlier than the time or event mentioned. As a subordinating conjunction, it connects two clauses, showing a relationship between them. As a time adverb, it modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb to indicate when something happens. Examples from various corpora illustrate these uses.

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EVEN SO

ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, C1, comparatives, CONJUNCTIONS, contrast, emphasis, subordinate, surprising, true, VERBS

In this post, we are most interested to find the most advanced uses of the word ‘even‘. At C1, The phrase “even so” is used to introduce a surprising fact or conclusion that contrasts with what has been said before. It can be used to express a sense of defiance or determination or to simply

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if | when | while | so + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

A2, B1, CLAUSES, conditional, CONJUNCTIONS, subordinate

A subordinating conjunction connects a sentence’s main clause and a subordinate clause. The subordinate clause (also known as an adverb clause) provides additional information explaining the when, where, how, or why of the main clause. “If, when & while” are sometimes interchangeable. In the sentence “It’s hard to have a girlfriend when you don’t have a

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non-finite VERBing clause

B2, CLAUSES, GSE, non-finite, subordinate, VERBS

Let’s look at a simple example of starting a sentence with a ‘Verb-ing’. Our context is someone explaining how to do something on the computer. “Using a mouse, you can move a word.” This sentence can be rewritten as: You can move a word by using a mouse. The main clause is: you can

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After + having | being + PAST PARTICIPLE

B2, CLAUSES, non-finite, PASSIVES, PAST, subordinate

An in-depth explanation of the grammar structure ‘after being pp’ and ‘after having pp’. ‘after’ is a preposition used before a complement ‘verb-ing’ clause. For example: “After being told these stories, I started thinking” and “I moved back to India after having spent six years in the US”. In the English Grammar Profile, this structure is defined as a non-finite subordinate clause with ‘after’ + ‘having/being’ + ‘-ed’ form, before a main clause, to refer to past time.

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conditional subordinate clauses & range of complex conjunctions

B1, B2, CLAUSES, conditional, CONJUNCTIONS, subordinate

A search on iWeb corpus for 3 part subordinating conjunctions reveals the following frequency: They point to another group of multiple overlapping points on the English Grammar Profile. B2 point 91 in CLAUSES & conditional is defined as: conditional subordinate clauses with a range of conjunctions ‘as long as’, ‘provided’ + present simple or present

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subordinating conjunctions on iWeb

CONJUNCTIONS, subordinate

1 THAT 104319150 2 IF 44943385 3 AS 40335107 4 WHEN 23770025 5 THAN 17558900 6 BECAUSE 11714883 7 WHILE 10802203 8 SO 9458497 9 WHERE 6843020 10 SINCE 5476245 11 AFTER 4593163 12 THOUGH 4176607 13 UNTIL 4071103 14 WHETHER 3951156 15 BEFORE 3363516 16 ALTHOUGH 3070810 17 EVEN 2778946 18 ONCE 2007651 19

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THAT | WHO ( object pronouns )

A2, B1, CLAUSES, defining, object, relative, subordinate

A defining relative clause (also known as a restrictive relative clause) provides essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, the purpose of which is to define that noun or noun phrase. The clause cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence. When ‘that’ is used as the object in a