September 2020

-ment noun suffix

1 DEVELOPMENT (NN1) 3639014 2 GOVERNMENT (NN1) 3466025 3 MANAGEMENT (NN1) 3432275 4 DEPARTMENT (NN1) 2393384 5 TREATMENT (NN1) 2064906 6 ENVIRONMENT (NN1) 1967654 7 MOMENT (NN1) 1547243 8 EQUIPMENT (NN1) 1536861 9 STATEMENT (NN1) 1456050 10 INVESTMENT (NN1) 1423252 11 PAYMENT (NN1) 1406592 12 AGREEMENT (NN1) 1205911 13 MOVEMENT (NN1) 1176689 14 DOCUMENT (NN1) […]

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-IAL suffix adjective or noun

1 SOCIAL (JJ) 3761303 2 SPECIAL (JJ) 3229728 3 FINANCIAL (JJ) 2465150 4 MATERIAL (NN1) 1430000 5 ESSENTIAL (JJ) 1148597 6 POTENTIAL (JJ_NN1) 1058312 7 COMMERCIAL (JJ) 984818 8 TRIAL (NN1) 830854 9 INITIAL (JJ_NN1) 813467 10 OFFICIAL (JJ_NN1) 698574 11 INDUSTRIAL (JJ) 595618 12 POTENTIAL (NN1_JJ) 534622 13 RESIDENTIAL (JJ) 444448 14 CRUCIAL (JJ)

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RATHER

1 RATHER THAN (II21 II22) 956100 = most commonly found as a complex prepositional phrase.  This grammar point is already covered here. 2 RATHER (RG) 529786 = ‘Rather’ as a degree adverb usually modifies an adjective. 1 BUT (CCB) RATHER (RG_RR@) A (AT1) 22044 2 A (AT1) RATHER (RG) LARGE (JJ) 7161 3 BUT (CCB) RATHER

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NEITHER

1 NEITHER (RR) 2 NEITHER (DD1) NEITHER_DD1 \w+_(IO|NN|VM)\w* NEITHER_RR \w+_(A|II|J|VD|VH|R)\w* 2 . (.) NEITHER (DD1) OF (IO) 12729 3 . (.) NEITHER (RR) THE (AT) 6817 4 , (,) NEITHER (RR) THE (AT) 6661 5 . (.) NEITHER (DD1) IS (VBZ) 5788 6 IS (VBZ) NEITHER (RR) A (AT1) 4750 8 AND (CC) NEITHER (DD1)

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OFF

1  (RP) ‘off’ is an adverb particle most often and often appears followed by punctuation, a preposition or conjunction. 4 OFF (II) 1161417   PHRASES: 5 OFF of (II21) 6 ‘OFF’ is found as an adjective before a noun.  ‘off season’.  (JJ%)  8 OFF (JJ22) 31880 11 OFF (RR21) 15526 1 IT (PPH1) OFF (RP)

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LIKELY

In the English Vocabulary Profile, at B1, ‘likely’ is listed as an adjective meaning something might happen or be true; probable. People who are depressed are 40% more likely to develop memory problems. listen At C1 as an adverb, it means probably.   It is often found between a modal verb and its infinitive. And she will likely be on medication for the rest of her life. listen By hearing this tape, you will likely assume this is over. SAW VI A

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INSIDE

‘Inside’ is a preposition before a noun phrase. A search in iWeb corpus for inside_II * * * * 1 INSIDE THE HOUSE. 775 I was just meant to use your girl  to get inside the house  and stop you setting off the alarms. listen 2 INSIDE THE BOX. 673 3 INSIDE THE HOME. 607 4 INSIDE THE BUILDING. 573 5 INSIDE THE MIND OF A 495 6

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past + singular noun

It is very possible to have a noun after a past participle. 1 TAKEN (VVN) PLACE (NN1) 57019 2 TAKEN (VVN) CARE (NN1) 52472 3 TAKEN (VVN) ADVANTAGE (NN1) 15507 4 MADE (VVN) PUBLIC (NN1_JJ_RR@) 14502 5 ELECTED (VVN_JJ@) PRESIDENT (NN1) 10852 6 TAKEN (VVN) PART (NN1) 9235 7 BUILT (VVN) ENVIRONMENT (NN1) 7734 8

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WAY

The word ‘way’ is almost always a noun, but sometimes it can be an adverb. 1 WAY (singular noun) Here are common phrases at various levels as examples: And, by the way, I was right, she‘s not married. listen Personality goes a long way. listen Colonel, I have no way to protect these people. listen I guess, in one way or another,  I‘ve been headed for this  for a couple of years, haven’t I? listen I shall be relieved when it is ended,  one way or the

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somewhat

In the English Vocabulary Profile ‘somewhat’ is listed at C1 as an ADVERB meaning ‘slightly’.  It basically means ‘to some degree’. It can be used to hedge a statement or description.  In other words, it can make what you say less forceful, or less definite. 1 SOMEWHAT (DD1) OF 29129 Yes, these interviews are somewhat of a formality, but I think it’s crucial we like-minded people get to know one another. listen

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BE + *ed + PREPOSITION

The word with an ‘-ed’ ending is usually a past particple.  The adjective exceptions such as ‘interested’,’involved’,’used to’ are rarer. 1 IS BASED (VVN) ON 327426 The system is based on the rules of a building. The Matrix Reloaded 2 BE (VBI) USED (VVN) FOR (IF) 273383 3 ARE (VBR) INTERESTED (JJ) IN (II) 192417 4 BE (VBI) USED (VVN) IN (II)

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-ITY noun suffix

-ITY is a noun suffix that is formed from some adjectives. It means the quality of or state of. For example, scarcity means the quality of being scarce. Some other examples of nouns with -ITY suffix are: Equality: quality of being equal Rarity: quality of being rare Activity: state of being active Sensitivity: quality of being sensitive

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‘most’ + NOUN

1 MOST (DAT) PEOPLE (NN) 528006 2 MOST (DAT) CASES (NN2) 174149 3 MOST (DAT) THINGS (NN2) 27916 4 MOST (DAT) WOMEN (NN2) 25879 5 MOST (DAT) COMPANIES (NN2) 25464 6 MOST (DAT) STATES (NN2) 23512 7 MOST (DAT) DAYS (NNT2) 23351 8 MOST (DAT) AMERICANS (NN2) 21777 9 MOST (DAT) STUDENTS (NN2) 21195 10

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