II22 – English Grammar Profiler

particularizers

Particularizers are a category of adverbs that focus attention on what follows them, without excluding other possibilities. They are used to modify verbs and adjectives and can be found at different levels of English Vocabulary Profile such as A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2.
The TED corpus has some examples of particularizers used in natural chunks. For example, “especially when it comes” is a 4-gram chunk that is at least C1 level. “Largely due to” is another 3-gram chunk that is at least C1 level. “Mainly because” is a 2-gram chunk that is at least B2 level.

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2 part complex phrases

complex, phrases

Here we rank by frequency the most common 2 part complex phrases. A search in iWeb for: _*21 _*22 1 OUT OF 6044503 II21 II22 = 2 part complex prepositional phrase Get out of here! listen 2 SUCH AS (II21 II22) 5449751 A search for collocates of ‘such as‘ in the COCA corpus: 1 ISSUES 3370

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All of a sudden, out of nowhere

C2, fixed expressions, FOCUS, position

Fixed expressions are groups of words that are used together to convey a specific meaning.
“All of a sudden” and “out of nowhere” are fixed expressions that mean something happened very quickly and unexpectedly.
Sometimes, they are used together for added focus. For example:

But all of a sudden, out of nowhere, he just collapsed.
All of a sudden, out of nowhere, a huge storm hit the city.

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AS

ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS, phrases, PREPOSITIONS

conjunction as 1 ‘AS’ is mostly used as a subordinating conjunction. Therefore a clause will follow. (CSA) A search in iWeb for _CSA * * * * 1 AS YOU CAN SEE , 77008 2 AS ONE OF THE MOST 35020 3 AS IT TURNS OUT , 26141 4 AS YOU CAN SEE FROM 23386

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UNTIL

CONJUNCTIONS, PREPOSITIONS

‘Until’ is usually conjunction, but sometimes it functions as a preposition. 1 UNTIL (CS) 2251777 4 UNTIL (II) 358880 6 UNTIL (II22) 73389

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FROM

ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS

1 FROM (II) 56595317 3 FROM (II22) 925535 4 FROM (RR41) 192515 5 FROM (RG22) 61816 6 FROM (RT31) 47137

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two part prepositions

PREPOSITIONS

1 OUT (II21) OF (II22) 6044503 2 SUCH (II21) AS (II22) 5449751 3 ACCORDING (II21) TO (II22) 2869261 4 DUE (II21) TO (II22) 2384806 5 BECAUSE (II21) OF (II22) 2052897 6 UP (II21) TO (II22) 1826998 7 ALONG (II21) WITH (II22) 1692520 8 INSTEAD (II21) OF (II22) 1335372 9 PRIOR (II21) TO (II22) 1110670 10

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TO

ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, infinitive, PREPOSITIONS

The word ‘to’ is most often before an infinitive or it is a simple preposition. A search in iWeb corpus for frequency data related to part of speech: 1 TO (TO) 240771826 infinitive marker _TO * * * * 1 TO BE ONE OF THE 87871 Everyone, this is our dear friend, Brian Bloom who also happens to be one of the most talented young writers. listen to this C1 example

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ON

PREPOSITIONS

1 ON (II) 83922557 5 ON (RP) 1711680 6 ON (II22) 1087104 7 ON (II31) 889849 9 ON (RR33) 263242 11 ON (RL21) 161724 12 ON (II21) 108074 13 ON (II41) 75974 14 ON (RT33) 46969 16 ON (RR22) 22598

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FOR

CONJUNCTIONS, phrases, PREPOSITIONS

In this post, we investigate 11 ways ‘for’ is tagged by the claws 7 tag set. 1 FOR (IF) 140146366 A1 simple preposition 1 . FOR MORE INFORMATION 77314 For more information, you‘ll have to speak with the doctor. Harry Brown 2 . FOR THOSE WHO 22531 3 THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL 19815 4 THE REASON FOR THIS IS

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OF (complex phrases)

ADVERBS, phrases, PREPOSITIONS

The third most frequent word in the English language is used in a lot of different ways. ‘OF‘ is most often in a prepositional phrase, but it is also used in many other types of phrases. Below we list the ranked frequency found in the iWeb corpus. 1 OF (IO) 328813259 2 OF (II22) 11680309

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complex prepositions

A2, B1, B2, C1, complex, formal, PREPOSITIONS

Firstly, complex prepositions are phrases, which means there are two or more words to them. B2 example: In addition to imitation, there are a number of other procedures designed to give the therapist some degree of control over the child‘s language production. The Louvain EAP dictionary: ‘in addition to’ is used to add new information and introduces the point to which you want to add something new. C1 example: In those few weeks, our lives had reverted back to what they‘d been prior to the murder of Sean

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‘BE’ + to infinitive | ‘BE’ + due to infinitive

B2, C2, complements, expectation, FUTURE, GSE, infinitive, instruction, MODALITY, obligation, schedule

In the English Grammar Profile (EGP), there are three similar points in the category of Future expressions with ‘BE’ at B2 in the English Grammar Profile. 47 ‘be due to’ and, more formally, ‘be to’ talk about things that are scheduled or expected. 53 OBLIGATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS WITH ‘BE TO’ 56 present form of ‘be’

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RATHER THAN + non-finite clause | phrase

B1, B2, CLAUSES, comparatives, complex, emphasis, gerund, non-finite, phrases, PREPOSITIONS

Let’s look at how ‘rather than‘ is used to compare. In the English Vocabulary Profile, at B1 the meaning is: ‘instead of ‘ rather than examples: I‘d like coffee rather than tea. I usually wear a swimsuit rather than shorts. In the above examples: coffee, tea, a swimsuit, shorts are nouns or noun phrases, so ‘rather than‘ or ‘instead of‘ are complex prepositions. Here’s

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